• Introduction to C++ • Different paradigms of problem solving • POP vs OOP • Features of Object Oriented Programming Languages o Object o Class o Abstraction o Encapsulation o Inheritance o Polymorphism o Dynamic Binding o Message Communication • Constants • Variables • Keywords • Data types • Declaration of Variables • Output Stream (cout) & Manipulators • Input Stream (cin) • Comments • Operators o Arithmetic operators o Relational operators o Logical operators o Assignment operators & compound assessment operations o Increment & decrement operators o Conditional operators o Bitwise operators o Shift operators o Type casting o Compound assignment operators o Address operators o Comma operator o Pointer operator o Sizeof operator o new operator o delete operator o .* o *:: o :: • Control Statements • Conditional Control Statements o If, if-else o nested if-else, if-else-if ladder • Multiple Branching Control Structure o switch-case • Loop Control statements o while o do-while o for • Nested Loops • Jump Control structures • break • continue • goto • return • Arrays • Strings • Structures • Pointers • Dynamic memory allocation using new and delete

• Defining a Function • Calling a Function • Return statement • Function Prototype • Basic Function Designs • Scope • Reference variables • Recursion • Parameter Passing Methods o Call by value o Call by address o Call by reference • Function Overloading • Default Arguments • Inline Functions

• Defining a Class • Creating Objects • Access specifiers • Accessing Class Members • Scope Resolution Operator ( :: ) • Defining Member Functions o Outside the class o Inside the class • Member function with argument • This pointer • Passing Objects as Arguments • Returning Objects • Array of objects • Pointer to object • Dynamic objects • Friend Functions • Friend Class o Composition  Container class  Contained class • Programs • Student Class • Employee Class • Complex Class • Matrix Class • Rational Class • Circle Class • Rectangle Class

• Constructors • Properties of constructors • Types of constructors o Default Constructors o Parameterized Constructors o Copy Constructors • Constructor Overloading • Constructors with Default Arguments • Destructors • Differences between Member functions & Constructors • Differences between Constructors & Destructors • Static Data Members • Static member functions • Constant data members • Constant Member Functions

• Defining Operator Overloading Function • Overloading Unary Operators • Overloading Binary Operators • Overloading Unary Operators using Friend Functions • Overloading Binary Operators using Friend Functions • Overloading << & >> • Programs

• I-O stream Class hierarchies • Unformatted I-O Operation o get(), put(), getline() o write() o in cout o cin • Formatted I-O Operations o width(), precision() o fill(), setf() o unsetf() • Manipulators o Manipulator operators  Endl, ends • manipulator functions  setw(), setfill()  setprecision()  setiosflags()  setbase()  resetiosflags() • User defined manipulators • Operator and Overloading

• Containers • vector • list, deque • arrays • forward_list • queue • priority_queue • stack • set, multiset • map, multimap • Algorithms o Sorting, Searching o Important STL Algorithms o Useful Array algorithms o Partition Operations • Iterators

• Class hierarchies • Base classes • Derived Classes • Derived Class Definition • Access specifier : protected • Types of Inheritance & Programs o Single inheritance o Multiple inheritance o Hierarchical inheritance o Multi-level inheritance o Hybrid inheritance o Multi-path inheritance • Constructors in Derived Classes • Destructors in Derived Classes

• Static Binding • Dynamic Binding • Virtual Destructor • Function Overriding • Accessing Members using Pointers • Virtual Functions • Pure Virtual Functions • Abstract Classes • Virtual Destructors

• Introduction • Advantages • Function Templates • Over loading function template • Class Templates • Inheritance Class Templates

• Types of Errors • Benefits of exception handling • try, catch, throw keywords • Throwing an exception • ‘try’ block • Catching an exception • Exception objects • Rethrowing an exception • Exception Handling Mechanism • Catching all exceptions • Nested try blocks

• File Streams Classes • Opening & Closing a File • Detection End of File • File Pointers & Their Manipulation • Sequential Files • Random Access Files